Table 2:  Brainstem Sites Damaged by Asphyxia at Birth

  • Inferior colliculi and Superior olives
    (acoustic processing & relay)

  • Trigeminal nerve sensory nuclei
    (5th cranial nerve from face & jaw)

  • Gracile and cuneate nuclei
    (lower & upper body sensory)

  • Vestibular nuclei
    (equilibrium & reflexive orientation)

  • Ventral thalamic nuclei
    (sensory processing & relay from brainstem & cerebellum to cortex)

  • Basal ganglia
    (subcortical motor control)


    Faro MD, Windle WF. Transneuronal degeneration in brains of monkeys asphyxiated at birth.
    Exp Neurol. 1969 May;24(1):38-53.

    Myers RE. Two patterns of perinatal brain damage and their conditions of occurrence.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 Jan 15;112(2):246-76.
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